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Objective:To compare the changes of biliary microbiota after enteral extended biliary stents (EEBS) implantation with that of conventional plastic stents in animal experiment, and to preliminarily investigate its possible mechanism in preventing stents occlusion.Methods:A total of 12 healthy Bama minipigs were randomly assigned to the conventional plastic stent group ( n=6) and the EEBS group ( n=6) using simple random method. The bile samples of all pigs were collected before stents implantation and 4 weeks after stents placement. The biliary microbiota composition and diversity before and after different stents implantation were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared. Results:No complications including acute cholangitis, perforation, bleeding, or death occurred in 12 pigs. Eight days after stents implantation, stents were out of bile duct in all pigs under endoscopy, while the bile samples were collected again for analysis. The main composition of biliary microbiota at the phylum level were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. Alpha-diversities revealed the Shannon ( P=0.004) and Simpson index ( P=0.008) significantly decreased in the conventional stent group after stents placement, and Bata diversity analysis also showed a significant difference in microbial composition (Anosim: R=0.514 8, P=0.011). There was no significant difference in Observed species index ( P=0.095), Chao1 index ( P=0.136), Shannon index ( P=0.353), Simpson index ( P=0.227) or Bata diversity (Anosim: R=0.059 3, P=0.187) in the EEBS group before and after stents placement. LEfSe algorithm indicated Bacteroides_ fragilis and Proteobacteria- Gammaproteobacteria- Enterobacterales- Enterobacteriaceae- scherichia_ Shigella- Escherichia_ coli significantly increased in the conventional stent group, and Desulfobacterota- Desulfovibrionia- Desulfovibrionales- Desulfovibrionaceae- Bilophila significantly increased in the EEBS group after stents placement. Conclusion:The biliary microbiota change slightly after EEBS implantation in the short-term, and EEBS may prevent duodenobiliary reflux by prolonging the reflux path.
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Objective To investigate the promoting effect of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression on insulin resistance (IR) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cells by establishing an HepG2 cell model of high fat-induced NAFLD. Methods HepG2 cells were divided into control group, model group (OA), and inhibitor group (OA+pyroxamide [an HDAC1 inhibitor]). CCK-8 assay was used to plot the standard growth curve of HepG2 cells and screen out the optimal drug concentration and action time of OA and pyroxamide; oil red O staining was used to compare the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells; an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to analyze the content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in cells; quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of HDAC1 and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in cells. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results OA treatment at a concentration of 0.25 mmol/L for 24 hours was the optimal concentration and duration of cell modeling, and treatment at a concentration of 20 μmol/L for 24 hours was the optimal administration concentration and duration of pyroxamide. Compared with the control group, the model group had significant increases in the content of ALT, AST, TG, and TC, and compared with the model group, the inhibitor group had significant reductions in the content of ALT, AST, TG, and TC (all P < 0.05). The model group had significantly higher mRNA and protein expression levels of HDAC1 than the control group, while the inhibitor group had significantly lower expression levels than the model group (all P < 0.05); the model group had significantly lower mRNA and protein expression levels of IRS-1 than the control group, while the inhibitor group had significantly higher expression levels than the model group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion HDAC1 participates in the development and progression of NAFLD by inhibiting the expression of IRS-1 molecule and promoting IR, and the HDAC1 inhibitor pyroxamide can exert a protective effect on the liver by alleviating IR.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the association between monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MethodsA total of 208 patients who were admitted to Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, from January 2018 to October 2020 and were diagnosed with NAFLD by abdominal CT were enrolled as NAFLD group, and 210 healthy individuals were enrolled as control group. All subjects underwent routine blood test, biochemical examination, and abdominal CT examination, and serum MHR was calculated. In addition, according to abdominal CT findings, the patients with NAFLD were divided into mild NAFLD group with 148 patients and moderate-to-severe NAFLD group with 60 patients, and the variables such as white blood cell count (WBC) and MHR were compared between the three groups. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of data with skewed distribution between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups. The fourfold table chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups, and the R×C table chi-square test was used for comparison between three groups. A Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of MHR with metabolic markers and the severity of NAFLD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of MHR in predicting NAFLD. ResultsCompared with the control group, the NAFLD group had significant increases in body weight (t=-10.573, P＜0.001), body mass index (BMI) (t=-13.112, P＜0.001), smoking history (Z=14.667, P＜0.001), WBC (t=-7.359, P＜0.001), monocytes (Z=-9.932, P＜0001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (t=-3.394, P=0.001), triglyceride (TG) (Z=-11.737, P＜0001), cholesterol (t=-2.985, P=0.003), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (Z=-7.827, P＜0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (Z=-12.583, P＜0.001), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (Z=-9.514, P＜0.001) and a significant reduction in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (t=10.440, P＜0.001); in addition, MHR level had gender differences, and male patients had a significantly higher level than female patients (P＜0.001). Compared with the control group and the mild NAFLD group, the moderate-to-severe NAFLD group had a significant increase in serum MHR level (P＜0.001). The correlation analysis showed that serum MHR level was negatively correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.565, P＜0.001) and were positively correlated with smoking history, body weight, BMI, WBC, monocytes, TG, FBG, ALT, and AST (r=0.449, 0.482, 0.430, 0.478, 0.892, 0.333, 0.157, 0.386, and 0281, all P＜0.01). At the same time, MHR level was positively correlated with the severity of NAFLD (r=0.629, P＜0.001). The ROC curve showed that MHR had an area under the ROC curve of 0.846 (95% confidence interval: 0.810-0.882, P＜0.001), with a sensitivity of 77.9% and a specificity of 74.3%. ConclusionSerum MHR level is associated with NAFLD and can be used as a predictive index for evaluating the progression of NAFLD.
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Objective:To assess the clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid in pathogenic diagnosis of neurological infectious disease.Methods:Patients who were clinically diagnosed with infectious encephalitis and meningitis and treated in Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University from March 2018 to September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including the clinical characteristics and data of mNGS and traditional laboratory test of pathogens.Results:Totally 104 patients with infectious encephalitis and meningitis were eligible for enrollment, and mNGS detected 22 bacterial species(22/104,21.15%), 24 viral species (24/104,23.08%), one fungal species (1/104,0.96%), one parasitic species (1/104,0.96%) and one mycoplasma species (1/104,0.96%).The three leading positive detections were varicella-zoster virus ( n=19), streptococcus ( n=7) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( n=4). Combined with traditional pathogen detection methods, clinical manifestations, final diagnosis and treatment results, the number of cases diagnosed by mNGS was 49 cases. The positive rate of the mNGS was 47.12% (49/104).False positives occurred in 21 (20.19%) patients. False negatives occurred in 34 (32.69%) patients. Conclusions:mNGS is more sensitive in evaluating the pathogens causing the infectious encephalitis and meningitis. It has advantages in accurate diagnosis of infectious encephalitis and meningitis.
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Objective To observe the value of renal artery plus renal vein CTA in preoperative evaluation on renal arteriovenous anatomy and tumor thrombi of massive renal carcinoma. Methods Renal artery + renal vein CTA obtained with 256-slice spiral CT of 56 patients with renal carcinoma confirmed by postoperative pathology were retrospectively analyzed, and the images were reconstructed. The anatomical situation of renal artery and renal vein, the location and type of tumor thrombi were observed and compared with surgical operation findings. Results All 56 patients had single tumor, located in the left kidney in 26 cases, while in the right kidney in 30 cases. The maximum diameter of tumor was 71-144 mm ([84.33±20.59]mm). There was no significant difference of the variation rate between the healthy side and the affected side of renal arteries nor veins (all P>0.05). CTA showed totally 117 tumor feeding arteries, while 118 tumor feeding arteries were found during operation, and the coincidence rate was 99.15% (117/118). CTA showed 69 draining veins, so did surgical operation, and the coincidence rate was 100% (69/69). CTA showed tumor thrombi infiltrating renal vein in 5 cases (5/56, 8.93%), infiltration of renal vein and inferior vena cava in 9 cases (9/56, 16.07%), including 5 cases of Mayo type 0, 3 cases of type , 4 cases of type Ⅱ, 2 cases of type III, whereas 42 cases (42/56, 75,00%) were found without infiltrating renal vein. Conclusion Preoperative renal artery plus renal vein CTA can accurately evaluate renal arteriovenous anatomy and location and type of tumor thrombi of renal mass renal carcinoma.
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Promoter, an essential regulatory element, is widely used for metabolic engineering of industrial strains. Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important industrial workhorse to produce various amino acids. However, strong constitutive promoters that are applicable to C. glutamicum are rarely reported. In this study, we first performed a time-series transcriptome analysis of a glutamate hyper-producing strain C. glutamicum SL4 by using RNA-Seq. Overall, we picked 10 samples at different time during the fermentation process. By analyzing the time-series transcriptome data, we selected 10 candidate genes with the highest transcriptional level. These genes were all transcribed stably during the fermentation process. We subsequently cloned the promoter sequences and evaluated the promoters' strength in strain SL4 using a red fluorescent protein reporter system. To evaluate the universality of the promoters in different C. glutamicum strains, we further tested the performance of some promoters in wild type C. glutamicum strains, including ATCC 13869 and ATCC 13032. The strongest promoter was further characterized using LacZ as a reporter in all the three C. glutamicum strains. Finally, we successfully obtained three constitutive promoters with universality, PcysK, PgapA and PfumC. PcysK is the most efficient promoter among the three C. glutamicum strains. In strains SL4 and ATCC 13869, the strength of PcysK is 2-fold of the strong inducible promoter Ptac using the red fluorescent protein as a reporter and 4-fold of Ptac using LacZ as a reporter. Moreover, the strength of PcysK reaches 30%-40% of Ptac in strain ATCC 13032. The promoter PcysK is identified as a strong promoter for the first time, which can be used as an efficient biobrick for metabolic engineering of synthesis pathways in C. glutamicum.
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Corynebacterium glutamicum , Genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Metabolic Engineering , Promoter Regions, Genetic , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the value of superb micro-vascular imaging( SMI) in evaluating the efficacy of uterine fibroids treated with high intensity focused ultrasound( HIFU) . Methods Forty patients with single fibroid were selected before and after HIFU treatment ,color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) ,SMI and contrast-enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS ) pattern were used to detect the lesions . CEUS was used as standard . The correlation of different blood flow levels in the fibroids with SMI and the efficacy of HIFU were evaluated . Results Before HIFU treatment ,the blood flow signals of different degrees were found in the uterine fibroids . SMI showed that 4 fibroids( 10 .0％ ) were in the first degree ,21 fibroids( 52 .5％ ) were in the second degree and 15 fibroids ( 37 .5％ ) were in the third degree . CEUS showed that 8 fibroids ( 20 .0％ ) were hypo-enhanced ,19 fibroids( 47 .5％ ) were iso-enhanced and 13 fobroids(32 .5％ ) were hyper-enhanced . The correlation analysis showed that there was close relationship between the results of SMI and CEUS( Kappa = 0 .754 , P = 0 .00) . After HIFU treatment ,SMI and CEUS had no statistical difference in evaluating the efficacy of HIFU( P > 0 .05) . The ratio of non-perfused volume and the ratio of the volume reduction at 6 months after HIFU in the third degree of SMI were lower than those in the first and second degrees( P < 0 .05) . Conclusions There are some relationships between SMI and CEUS in evaluating the blood flow signal of uterine fibroids . SMI can prompt therapeutic efficacy of uterine fibroids ablated by HIFU and provide some clinical reference values .
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Objective To observe the relationship of efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in treatment of hysteromyoma and quantitative parameters and enhance manifestations of CEUS.Methods Forty patients with single hysteromyoma underwent CEUS before HIFU,immediately after and 6 months after treatment,respectively.Time to peak (TTP),peak intensity (PI) of time-intensity curve were analyzed,and the enhance manifestations were observed.The ablation ratio of hysteromyoma immediately after HIFU and the ratio of reduction volume 6 months after treatment were also analyzed.Results Among 40 hysteromyomas,21 evenly enhanced (even enhance group) and 19 unevenly enhanced (uneven enhance group).The ablation rate greater than or equal to 80 ％ were observed in 22 hysteromyomas (ablation rate ≥80％ group),while ablation rate less than 80％ were observed in 18 lesions (ablation rate ＜80％ group).There were significant differences of TTP ([27.48 ± 7.89] s vs [21.78 ± 4.76] s;t =2.69,P =0.01),PI ([44.29 ± 3.74] dB vs [47.39±4.68]dB;t=-2.34,P=0.02) and the ratio of reduction volume 6 months after HIFU ([59.47±16.21]％ vs [37.30±11.89]％;t=4.83,P＜0.01) between ablation rate ≥80％ group and ablation rate ＜80％ group.The ablation rate ([65.03±18.39]％ vs [41.64±18.78]％;t=-4.49,P＜0.01) and the ratio of reduction volume 6 months after HIFU ([84.74±7.76]％ vs [58.18±12.94]％;t=-3.21,P＜0.01) were significantly different between even enhance group and uneven enhance group.TTP and the ratio of reduction volume 6 months after HIFU positively correlated with the ablation rate (r =0.448,0.660,both P＜ 0.01),while PI and enhance manifestations negatively correlated with ablation rate (r =-0.460,rs =-0.614,both P＜ 0.01).Conclusion TTP,PI of time-intensity curve and enhance patterns of hysteromyoma correlated with the ablation rate of HIFU,which having certain clinical value in evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
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Objective To reduce the occurrence of recurrent choledocholithiasis caused by biliary sphincter dysfunction after extensive endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST ) for large stone extraction, and to investigate the sphincter-preserving effects of duodenal papilla occlusion by SureClip from MicroTech. Methods Three patients with large biliary stones ( 1. 0-2. 5 cm in stone size, 1. 2-3. 0 cm in common bile duct diameter) and without ERCP history underwent EST ( larger than 1. 0 cm) in Peking University Third Hospital from March 2018 to May 2018. Biliary and pancreatic stents were placed after stone extraction, followed by duodenal papilla occlusion with SureClip from MicroTech. Pressures of biliary duct and Oddi sphincter were measured at pre-EST, immediately after EST, and when stents were removed 3 weeks after EST, respectively. Healing conditions of papilla and complications were documented. Five pigs underwent similar experiments without stone extraction. Results The pressure of Oddi sphincter was significantly reduced after EST, and recovered after papilla occlusion 3 weeks after operation both in pigs and human. All stones were completely removed in the 3 patients without any post-ERCP complications. The papilla was healed under endoscopic observation when stents were removed 3 weeks after papilla occlusion. In animal experiments, histology revealed completely muscularis propria disruption of post-EST papilla without occlusion. In contrast, the muscle layer of post-EST papilla with occlusion by SureClip from MicroTech appeared scar healing. Conclusion The duodenal papilla occlusion by SureClip from MicroTech after EST works as "papilla remolding", which accelerates healing of papilla, and retains the sphincter pressure and anti-reflux barrier function.
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Objective To compare the contents of total flavonoids, forsythoside A and phillyrin in Forsythiae Fructus leaves tea under different drying conditions; To determine the best drying method for Forsythiae Fructus leaves tea. Methods With the sodium nitrite-aluminum trichloride-sodium hydroxide solution as color reagent, total flavonoids in forsythiae Fructus leaves tea were determined by UV spectrophotometry at the wavelength of 500 nm. HPLC was used to determine the contents of forsythiaside A and phillyrin. The analysis was performed on a Diamosil C18 (2) column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm); the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.4% acetic acid with gradient elution; the detection wavelength was set at 277 nm; the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min at column temperature of 30 ℃. Results The content of total flavonoids of Forsythiae Fructus leaves tea under different drying conditions was basically the same; the sequence of the contents of forsythoside A and Forsythin of Forsythiae Fructus leaves tea under different drying conditions was: ventilated drying > vacuum drying > blast drying. Conclusion Different drying conditions have no effect on the contents of total flavonoids in Forsythiae Fructus leaves tea, but have obvious effects on the contents of forsythiaside A and phillyrin. Ventilation shade is better than blast drying and vacuum drying for preverence of forsythiaside A and forsythin.
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Objective To explore the value of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with coronary plaques.Methods Totally 256 coronary atherosclerotic plaque patients underwent CCTA.The degree of coronary stenosis was assessed quantitatively,and the plaque components were analyzed and classified.The occurrence of MACE was followed up.Three models were established for predicting MACE,including model 1 (classification of CCTA stenosis),model 2 (classification of CCTA stenosis combined with plaque typing) and model 3 (CCTA combined with plaque typing and clinical risk factors).The ability of the three models to predict MACE was evaluated.Results Follow-up was completed in 209 patients.Forty-six patients had experienced MACE.Classification of CCTA stenosis and plaque typing were used to assess the risk of MACE,and the hazard ratio (HR) was 4.47 and 3.43,respectively,both higher than those of clinical risk factors.The predictive ability of MACE by model 2 and model 3 was significantly superior to that of model 1 (P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between model 2 and model 3 (P=0.076).Conclusion CCTA can assess the risk of MACE from both coronary stenosis and plaque typing.The new modality of CCTA stenosis classification combined with plaque typing could promote the ability of CCTA to predict the risk of MACE.
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Objective To explore the value of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with coronary plaques.Methods Totally 256 coronary atherosclerotic plaque patients underwent CCTA.The degree of coronary stenosis was assessed quantitatively,and the plaque components were analyzed and classified.The occurrence of MACE was followed up.Three models were established for predicting MACE,including model 1 (classification of CCTA stenosis),model 2 (classification of CCTA stenosis combined with plaque typing) and model 3 (CCTA combined with plaque typing and clinical risk factors).The ability of the three models to predict MACE was evaluated.Results Follow-up was completed in 209 patients.Forty-six patients had experienced MACE.Classification of CCTA stenosis and plaque typing were used to assess the risk of MACE,and the hazard ratio (HR) was 4.47 and 3.43,respectively,both higher than those of clinical risk factors.The predictive ability of MACE by model 2 and model 3 was significantly superior to that of model 1 (P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between model 2 and model 3 (P=0.076).Conclusion CCTA can assess the risk of MACE from both coronary stenosis and plaque typing.The new modality of CCTA stenosis classification combined with plaque typing could promote the ability of CCTA to predict the risk of MACE.
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ObjectiveTo establish an HPLC analytic method for amygdalin inKuxingrenFormula Granules and HPLC characteristic chromatogram.MethodsRP-HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Dionex C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm) with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (8:92) at the flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 207 nm and sample size was 10μL. The column temperature was 30℃. The peak of amygdalin was set as refernce, and 10 batches of samples were analyzed. TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2004 A) was adopted to evaluate similatity.Results The linear equation of amygdalin wasY=6.176×10-7X?3.058×10-3, with a good linear relationship in the range of 0.122 5–1.225μg (r= 0.999 8). The average recovery rate was 98.75% (RSD=1.30%). There were 6 common peaks in the characteristic chromatogram ofKuxingrenFormula Granules, and the similarity of 10 batches of samples was higher than 0.981. ConclusionThe HPLC method is simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control of Kuxingren Granules.
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Objective: To study electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring assisted ultrasound guidance for modiifed seldinger technique (MST) in peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) and to estimate the accuracy of ECG for presenting catheter tip location. Methods: The patients were connected with ECG monitoring system, the guide wire was connected to RA electrode in ECG monitor for leading out P wave of intracavitary ECG. The location of catheter tip was estimated by P wave characteristics and then, estimated ECG result was further compared with chest X-ray presented catheter tip position. The coherence of catheter tip position between ECG and chest X-ray was compared, the sensitivity and speciifcity of ECG estimation were calculated. Results: There were 100/104 patients showed speciifc P wave in ECG, the coherence to chest X-ray was 96.2%; 4 patients had no speciifc P wave and their chest X-ray presented that the catheter tip position at upper superior vena cava in 2 patients, at lower superior vena cava in 1 patient, at contralateral brachiocephalic vein in 1 patient. The accuracy of 2 methods had no statistic meaning. ECG estimation for PICC catheter tip position had the sensitivity at 99% and speciifcity at 100%. Conclusion: ECG monitoring may determine the catheter tip position for MST in PICC guided by ultrasound. It doesn’t need chest X-ray, without additional trauma and no radioactive contamination, which make PICC catheters get more extensive application in clinical practice.
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[Summary] This paper reported a case of 4-year-old boy suffered with medial meniscus tear treated by arthroscopic repair in our hospital.After the boy injured his knee , plaster was applied for 4 weeks.Without any symptomatic progress , he was hospitalized with the diagnosis of medial meniscus tear .We performed arthroscopic meniscus repair , using 4.0-mm arthroscopy.At 3-month follow-up, the boy could full-bearing walk with no pain or discomfort , with a range of motion of 0°-135°.The post-operational MRI at the fourth month showed preliminary healing of repaired meniscus .We believe that regular arthroscopic instruments can accomplish meniscus repair in young children .
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Objective To investigate the risk factors of articular cartilage damage secondary to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture.Methods Clinical data of 490 patients sustaining ACL rupture from July 2008 to July 2014 were collected for a retrospective cohort study.The factors relating to the incidence and degree of the secondary articular carticular damage were analyzed,including gender,age,weight,blood group,places of residence,causes of injury,complication of meniscus tear,damage part and duration of disease.Results Factors associated with the incidence of secondary articular cartilage damage were blood type O (OR =0.605,95％ CI 0.381-0.960,P ＜ 0.05) and complication of meniscus tear(OR =2.241,95％ CI 1.378-3.643,P ＜0.01).Factors associated with the degree of articular cartilage damage were duration of disease (rs =0.168 7,P ＜0.01),damage part (Hc =53.237,P＜0.01),and complication of meniscus tear (x2 =16.944,P＜0.01).Conclusions Meniscus tear is the moderate risk factor for the incidence of secondary articular cartilage damage while blood type O has weak protective effect.Damage part,course of disease,and meniscus tear are factors associated with the degree of secondary articular cartilage damage.
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Objective To analyse the graft impingement after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction based on three-dimensional graft and tunnel images of dual-source computer tomography (DSCT).Methods From November 2012 to November 2014,a consecutive 134 cases of ACL reconstruction with various techniques had their knees scanned by DSCT.Graft and femoral as well as tibial tunnel images were three-dimensionally reconstructed and carefully inspected if there was any impinging on the graft at knee extension,meanwhile the femoral and tibial tunnel location were measured.Of these 134 cases,a serial of 118 patients had been single-bundle reconstructed with same type of graft material.There were 83 males and 35 females aged from 15 to 64 years old (mean,32 years old).Special attention had been paid to examine if there was any graft impinging,and their origin and finally impingement types were identified and classified according to the position and origin of impingement.Bernard and Lorenz method were used to measure the relative locations of femoral and tibial tunnel respectively.Difference was statistically compared between impingement-free and impingement groups.Results Patients were divided into two groups,impingement-free group and impingement group according to graft impinging based on graft visible 3D-CT imaging postoperatively.Of 118 cases,39 (33％) were impingement-free and 79 (67％) existed various types of impingement.Impingement group was further divided into two subgroups according to different impingement location,outlet impingement of intercondylar notch group (77 cases,account for 65％ of total and 97％ of impingement group,respectively) and mid-way impingement of intercondylar notch group (2 cases,account for 2％ of total and 3％ of impingement group,respectively).The outlet impingement group was more further classified into three subtypes,bird beak impingement,10 cases (13％,10/77),tibial plateau impingement,46 cases (60％,46/77) and clamp impingement,21 cases (27％,21/77).Statistic analysis with NAONA revealed that no significant difference between impingement group and impingement-free group regardless of femoral or tibial tunnel placement.Conclusion Three new types of impingements are found based on visible 3D-CT graft imaging after ACL reconstruction which are mid-way impingement of intercondylar notch,tibial plateau impingement and clamp impingement.
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ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters and the pathologic parameter of renal fibrosis.MethodsThirty-eight healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the blank control group and the experimental group. The rabbits model was built by intravenous injection of C-bovine serum albumin (C-BSA) to rabbits of the experimental group. According to the different time points (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks) after the injection of C-BSA, the rabbits in experimental group were randomly divided into 4 sub groups, 8 in each group. We collected the data of the CEUS parameters in the control group and the experimental group. Moreover, the renal tissues of the rabbits underwent pathologic examinations. Then, correlation analysis of CEUS parameters with parameters of renal fibrosis was performed.ResultsDynamic changes of CEUS parameters: Renal cortical perfusion reduced from 6 weeks after the injection, manifested as the time to peak (TTP) and mean transit time (MTT) of the experimental group were longer than those of control group and the derived peak intensity (DPI) of the experimental group was lower than that of control group (P<0.05 respectively). The DPI and TTP at 8 weeks after the injection of the experimental group was significantly lower than those of the control group [(26.96±2.34) dbvs (35.04±1.62) db,P<0.05; (24.31±1.82) svs (18.64±1.15) s,P<0.01]. Changes of each renal fibrosis parameter: we found that the results of the glomerulosclerosis indexes of the experimental group (4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks after the injection) were significantly higher than those of the control group (0.81±0.36, 1.43±0.25 and 2.15±0.30vs 0.13±0.07, allP<0.01). The tubular interstitial collagen deposition scores of the experimental group (4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks after the injection) were significantly higher than those of the control group (14.29%±4.62%, 26.28%±10.09% and 42.37%±10.41%vs 1.21%±0.15%, allP<0.01). As the disease progressed, the results of each parameter increased. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the TTP of renal cortex was positively correlated with the glomerulosclerosis index and tubular interstitial collagen deposition score (r=0.866 and 0.785, bothP<0.01). The DPI of renal cortex was negatively correlated with the glomerulosclerosis index and tubular interstitial collagen deposition score (r=-0.724 and -0.739, bothP<0.01).ConclusionsThe results showed that CEUS could evaluate microcirculation perfusion of renal cortex. There is a positive association between TTP and fibrosis index. There is a negative association between DPI and fibrosis index. Thus, CEUS is an important method to evaluate the renal fibrosis in chronic renal nephropathy.
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Aim To investigate whether liver X recep- tors attenuate high glucose-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells through inhibiting nuclear factor-NF-κB.Methods The lentiviral vector of LXRs was constructed and H9C2 cells cultured in high glucose were infected.The H9C2 cells were divided into 6 groups:control group (5.5 mmol·L -1 glucose),mannitol group(5.5 mmol ·L -1 glucose +27.5 mmol·L -1 mannitol),high glu-cose group(33 mmol·L -1 glucose),green fluorescent protein(GFP)group LXRαgroup,and LXRβgroup. The inhibition rate of H9C2 cells,the mRNA of Bax, Bcl-2,the protein content of NF-κB,Bax,Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3,and the cell apoptosis were com-pared among these groups.Results LXRs overexpres-sion significantly attenuated high glucose-induced in-crease in Bax NF-κB,cleaved caspase-3 and cell ap-optosis(P <0.05),and increased high glucose-induced decrease in Bcl-2.Conclusion Liver X receptors at-tenuate high glucose-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells through NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Purpose Chronic nephropathy model was established with New Zealand rabbit, and the development of chronic nephropathy was monitored using virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) technique, to provide the experimental basis for chronic renal fibrosis assessment using VTQ technique. Materials and Methods Thirty-eight healthy New Zealand white rabbits were selected, of which 32 were induced into chronic nephropathy model with daily intravenous ear vein injection of cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA), with the other 6 rabbits without C-BSA injection as control group. At the end of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks, VTQ was used to measure the hardness of renal cortex in rabbits, then the rabbits were slaughtered to assess the pathological changes in kidney, correlation analysis between the VTQ parameters and the pathological parameters was performed. Results VTQ value of rabbit kidney cortex at 0 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks was (1.68±0.25) m/s, (1.70±0.31) m/s, (1.87±0.35) m/s, (2.19±0.31) m/s and (2.46±0.46) m/s respectively, difference of VTQ values between 6 weeks and 4 weeks was statistically signiifcant (P<0.05), and also signiifcant when compared 8 weeks with 4 weeks and 6 weeks (P<0.05). Glomerulosclerosis index of 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks were 0.81±0.40, 1.43±0.46 and 2.15±0.46 respectively, and tubular interstitial collagen deposition score were (14.29±4.62)%, (26.28±11.06)%, (42.37±10.09)%, which were all significantly higher than that in 0 week and 2 weeks, fibrosis increased gradually with the course, the difference was statistically signiifcant (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the VTQ value of renal cortex was positively correlated with glomerulosclerosis index (r=0.663, P<0.05) and tubular interstitial collagen deposition score (r=0.652, P<0.05). Conclusion VTQ technique is able to detect the VTQ change of renal cortex as the disease progressed in rabbits with chronic renal nephropathy, which was in a positive association with fibrosis index, suggesting that virtual touch tissues quantitative technology can be an important method to evaluate renal ifbrosis in chronic renal nephropathy.